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Bull testicles or Rocky Mountain oysters, mountain oysters, bull balls, or cow balls, are an unconventional but nutritious animal-based food that has regained popularity among those following ose-to-tail diets like the Carnivore Diet. Bull testicles are high-protein organ meats that can bring nutrient diversity with a distinct texture and flavor. Let’s learn what you can gain by eating them and how you can prepare and make them properly.
Highlights
What Are Rocky Mountain Oysters?
Rocky Mountain oysters are bull testicles that are picked during cattle castration and prepared as food. The name Rocky Mountain oysters originated in the American West, where ranchers humorously referred to the dish as oysters due to its shape and appearance after slicing and cooking.
Eating bull balls has long been part of nose-to-tail eating, especially in ranching communities where they did not throw away the edible animal parts.
Unlike what you may think, bull testicles or similar dishes like lamb testicles, goat testicles, and other animal reproductive organs are very common around the world.
Today, cow balls are served fried at festivals, sold by specialty meat suppliers, and discussed in Carnivore and ancestral nutrition communities because they are a rich source of protein.
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Bull Testicles Nutrition Facts
Bull testicles are considered organ meat, not muscle meat. Their nutritional profile differs from that of steak or ground beef, providing micronutrients that are harder to obtain from muscle meat alone.
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The table below shows the nutrients in 100 grams of raw bull testicles.
Nutrient
Amount
Calories
~135 kcal
Protein
~26 g
Fat
~3 g
Cholesterol
~375 mg
Zinc
~3-5 mg
Vitamin B12
Moderate
Selenium
Moderate
As the table shows, bull testicles are high in protein, relatively low in fat, and contain good levels of zinc and cholesterol, which are important in animal-based diets such as a Carnivore Diet.
Yes, bull testicles are fully Carnivore-friendly because they are animal-based, with no carbohydrates or additives. Mountain oysters can provide diversity for those on a Carnivore Diet who follow a nose-to-tail approach.
Unlike liver, which is extremely nutritious and can cause issues when overconsumed, bull balls are milder in flavor and nutrients. It means you can have them occasionally without an intense flavor or nutrient load.
They are best treated as a supplemental organ meat, rather than a daily protein source.
It is best to consume bull balls as a supplemental organ meat, similar to heart or sweetbreads, to bring variety to the Carnivore Diet Meal Plan and Carnivore Diet Food List, and not as a main food or a daily protein source.
In addition to bringing variety to your Carnivore meals, bull testicles can bring different health benefits.
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The Benefits of Eating Bull Testicles
There are some myths about the magical effects of bull testicles on hormones. While no food directly increases testosterone levels in a pharmacological sense, bull balls do contain nutrients that help normal hormone production [1].
High-quality animal protein, which helps muscle growth and maintenance
Zinc, which supports general metabolic function
Cholesterol, which is essential for hormone synthesis
In addition to these benefits, there might be downsides to eating bull testicles. Let’s find out what we need to be careful about before eating bull testicles.
Potential Side Effects of Eating Bull Testicles
A common concern is that eating bull balls could disrupt hormones. However, cooking destroys most active hormones, and no reliable evidence shows that bull testicles raise or suppress testosterone.
Bull testicles do not act like hormone supplements, but hormonal side effects are extremely unlikely after eating bull testicles. The most common side effects of eating bull testicles include:
Some people experience mild digestive issues, especially if they are new to eating organ meats. Some may experience bloating, nausea, loose stools, and stomach heaviness.
These symptoms may appear because organ meats are denser and digest differently than muscle meat. They are also higher in cholesterol and connective tissue content. You may also experience digestive discomfort if you are sensitive or eat large portions of bull testicles too quickly.
To avoid digestive issues, start with small servings (50-100 g), chew slowly and thoroughly, and avoid overeating, especially if it is the first time you are trying bull testicles.
Cholesterol Sensitivity
Bull testicles are high in dietary cholesterol, which may affect some individuals. You need to be cautious and consult your physician if you have familial hypercholesterolemia or have been advised by a clinician to limit cholesterol intake.
For most healthy individuals, dietary cholesterol does not directly result in higher blood cholesterol, but individual responses vary.
Bull testicles have a mild, neutral flavor. You will be surprised by how subtle they taste, especially compared to liver or kidney. Their texture is similar to Sweetbreads, firm tofu (before cooking), or calamari (when sliced and fried).
If you cannot prepare them properly, for example, if you fail to peel the membrane, it can result in a rubbery texture. But when cleaned and cooked correctly, Rocky Mountain oysters are tender and tasty, even for first-time eaters.
So, let’s learn how to prepare bull testicles properly to avoid unpleasant taste and texture and enjoy nutrient diversity on a zero-carb Carnivore Diet.
Bull testicles are not commonly found in grocery stores but are available through specialty suppliers. The most common sources to buy bull testicles include:
Local butcher shops (special order)
Online exotic meat retailers
Ranchers and farms
Frozen organ meat suppliers
When purchasing, look for:
Food-grade handling
Vacuum-sealed packaging
Clear labeling (bull vs steer)
Frozen bull balls are acceptable and even more accessible than fresh ones.
Bull Testicles vs. Other Organ Meats
The table below compares bull testicles and other organ meats regarding their flavor, nutrients, and how common they are on a Carnivore Diet.
Organ Meat
Flavor Strength
Nutrient Density
Carnivore Use
Liver
Very strong
Extremely high
Occasional
Heart
Mild
Moderate
Regular
Bone Marrow
Rich
High fat
Occasional
Bull Testicles
Mild
Moderate
Occasional
Bull testicles are in the middle ground, meaning that they are less intense than liver, newer than heart.
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